ThinPrep imaging system (2004, HOLOGIC, Marlborough, MA).Additional resources: Acta Cytol 1996 40:45.Higher cumulative score, increased likelihood of finding abnormality on slide.Cell annotations used to develop algorithms to score overall slides and individual field of view (higher score, more abnormalities).Originally developed for quality control of screened Pap smear slides to reveal false negatives.AutoPap 300QC (1995, NeoPath Inc., precursor to BD FocalPoint GS imaging system).Additional resources: Laboratory Medicine 1991 22:276.128 abnormal cells / clusters identified, photographed and mailed back to laboratory as a digital tape for review by cytotechnologist.Neural network technology used to identify abnormal cells in cases already screened as negative by cytotechnologist.PAPNET (1994, Neuromedical Systems, Inc., Suffern, NY).Entire slide manually rescreened and signed out.Slide with abnormality marked for cytopathology review.Slides without abnormality diagnosed as NILM and signed out.Support vector machine (SVM), fuzzy c-means (FCM), convolutional neural network.Thresholding, region, contour, texture, graph, clustering, deep learning.Image analysis ( ACM Computing Surveys 2022 54:1).Cell spot image scanned and sent to image processor.Prepared slides loaded into imaging station.Cell layer placed in 13 mm diameter circle via sedimentation.Centrifugation separates cells of interest.Preservative fluid (ethanol / methanol / isopropanol).Controlled pressure deposits cell layer in 20 mm diameter circle.Filtration and dispersion separate debris and mucus without adverse effect on cell appearance.Methanol based PreservCyt fixative solution.
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